How does poor calibration show up in LLM confidence?
PICTURE THIS: A SENTENCE BECOMES TOKENS
The model does not read letters like humans. It reads these pieces, then predicts the next one.
Simple meaning
Token probabilities are not well-calibrated probabilities of truth.
WHY — Tokens instead of words?
LLMs use tokens (not full words) because it helps them:
question about Temperature.
trade-offs, and what you would actually do on a GenAI / LLM project - not buzzwords.
Each piece maps to a number the network can learn.
Fixed pieces are what transformers expect as input.
STEPS — What happens with tokens?
Before the model can read a sentence, it goes through these steps:
- 1Token probabilities are not
well-calibrated probabilities of truth.
- 2A fluent wrong answer
can have high likelihood.
- 3For decisions, use tools,
retrieval, or explicit uncertainty prompts rather than reading softmax as confidence.
- 4Context mix
Attention looks at nearby tokens together.
- 5Next token
The model scores what should come next.
- 6Decode
IDs turn back into readable text.
EXAMPLE — See it in action
Here's a short line you can speak, broken into clear beats:
Note: Adapt this scaffold to your own project — keep it under 60–90 seconds.
Key takeaway
Token probabilities are not well-calibrated probabilities of truth. A fluent wrong answer can have high likelihood.